What does the term "oxidation" refer to in the hair coloring process?

In the context of hair coloring, "oxidation" refers to the chemical reaction that occurs when hair dye is applied. This process is critical because it involves the interaction of the dye with the components of the hair and the hair color itself.

When hair dye is applied, especially in permanent coloring, an oxidizing agent, typically hydrogen peroxide, is activated. This agent facilitates the opening of the hair cuticle, allowing the dye molecules to penetrate the hair shaft. During oxidation, the color molecules are transformed into a larger, more permanent form that ultimately becomes trapped within the hair structure.

This chemical reaction is essential for achieving lasting results in hair color because it alters the hair at a molecular level, providing the desired shade and ensuring that the color will withstand subsequent washes and treatments. Understanding oxidation is crucial for cosmetologists, as it informs how they choose and apply products to achieve safe and effective results for their clients.