What is the purpose of using toner after cleansing the skin?

Using toner after cleansing the skin primarily serves to restore pH balance and remove any residual impurities. When cleansing, especially with certain cleansers, the skin's natural pH level can be disrupted. Toners help to bring the skin back to its optimal pH level, which is crucial for maintaining skin health and function.

Additionally, toners can help in removing any leftover traces of makeup or cleanser that may not have been completely washed away during the cleansing process. This ensures the skin is thoroughly clean, allowing other skincare products to be more effective.

While hydration is important, toners specifically target the restoration of pH balance and the elimination of residual impurities, setting the stage for the subsequent steps in a skincare routine. Other options like providing sun protection or promoting blood circulation do not directly relate to the primary functions of toning, making them less relevant in this context.